ပိုၼ်း(လီႇၵႃႇသိင်ႇ) လႄႈတွၼ်ႈသွၼ်လီၼႂ်းလွင်ႈဢွင်ႇမၢၼ်မၼ်းၸၢႆး ~ ၶူမ်တိုၼ်းဝၢၼ်

ref:qmh:rD:qkdof;oj;(vD,uj,Odif:-Li ka shing)/ ref:qmh:eh. yAefulef:tef vkuf.wD;zozmefzmef trf,rD:Oifeef.aO vh;yAefrj:ulef:tgif,rmefzl;rmuf;Oax:vlifqkdof;OAifb[, e[:ukef at:OBj:(Asia)auj.ekdif;ehbl,/ pAwf:qdlif.pkdofaOyAefrj:vj, tefoj;eef. zl;wSrf;vduf;uj;awvh;ch;ae iof;awj, ymhbl,

bof./ ref:qmh:eh. uldwf,rldof;yD 1982 oef:xd 13 vldefuBKef,(June)aO ref:qmh:uldwf, wD;e[:oAif:tgef, Chaozhou tefrD:wD:e[: aq; wgef;ukefwgif:wD;e[:rldif:ac,eef.aO ref:qmh:ulnf:vh;pAef: qef.rl,v (qef.iof;)ulnf:sv; rldof;zgif:eef. vh;yAefrj:Okduf: urf,zj,yguf;Ogifehbl,/ wD;oAif:ref:qmh:bl,Oof:eef. vh;xkuf, wmif:Okduf:uBj,ymef,coftofrmuf,rj:ygh,aO auj.yAefayj;ref:qmh:vh; pgif.tofref:qmh:sv; ulef:e[:ej; Ndef:ref:ymh;uGj,bl,e[:rldif: pgif,ugif,Hong Kong bl,bof./

rldof;cofpgwf;uGj, wD;pgif,ugif, bof.eef. auj.yAefayj; ref:qmh:vh;qyf:wmif:yAefxD,yD,aIj:uj,aO vh;vl.pmhwmhuGj,bl,bof./ ref:qmh:auj;vh;qyf:wmif:yAefwD; ayj;ref:aO vh;uGj,ckdef;Nif:bjwD;ekdif;bl,/ wD;e[:Nif:bjeef.Orf. yldef;trf, cmif:yefp[;ref:qmh:vh; bl,qgrf:yldef; ref:qmh:vh;cmrf,wmif:yldef; qSuf,azp[;ref:qmh:uGj,bl,oh.wD;ekdif;pif:ulnf:ehbl,/ olef.wlnf: vl:tj;Omuf;tgef,ref:qmh:ulnf:rD:oh.(15)yDtgef,ulnf:aO Orf.vh;bl,oh.e[:cmef:pif:ulnf:auj.vAof vgrfOguf;pjayj;auj; awj;pkdofpef rkdwf:wefvyf:Odif,zkdwf:bof.tldof; qmwf;ymef tgef,ref:qmh:eef./ vgif;cmefq[clrfacj:vlifqldif.eheh. qmif; pAwf:p[;ulef:tj,bl.tj;Omuf;vAuf.vAuf.tgef,auj.ekdif; vh;vl.wmhuGj, vl:ugef,oj;ehaOwj.Julnf:uj;ref:qmh: vmwf;tguf,rj:e[:q[ref: oj; uofawcwf:q[pjvAif.ulef:e[:ej;Ndef:wjab:uofqldif.pkdofsv; awcwf:q[vkuf. tofwD;zozmefzmefeh.aO awpAwf:pkdofp[; ulef:e[:ej;Ndef:uofayj:awvh;bl,uwf:bAef rD:ej;rD:wjrdlef yldef;eheef.bl,/ eh.yAefymh:olef.ref:qmh:tefvh;olef.bl, vmhvgif;vmhwmif:sv; ref:qmh:vmwf;oj; wkdef:awyAefvh;bl, ehaOeh.yAefacj;wSyf:wwf:ref:qmh:bof./

eif,oef:ekdif; ymh:bl,vDref:qmh:auj;cSef:vDrj:aO ref:qmh:vh;vlif:Nif:bjbof./ ref:qmh:trf, Okdyf, ckdef;pAef:ckdef:bof.sv; ref:qmh:vh;cwf:q[ pjumefbl,/ ref:qmh:qif,uGj,pAwf:umef(yvqf.xAuf,Plastic) wD;e[: Nif:umefbmifyvqf.xAuf,eef.bl,/ ref:qmh:trf,yefcmof:bmrf: Okrf:uGj,vmh"aO cwf:q[pAwf:umefbl,ul;oef:? e[:ekdif;oef:eef. ref:qmh:pAwf:umef(16)qlof;rgif:aO ikdef:tefref:qmh:vh;rj: qldof:eef.auj; cwf:q[ql.pgrfoh. wj,awvAif.vle[:ej;Ndef:ref: qmh:bl,bof./

pAwf:ehylef.uGj,oef:ekdif;bof.oef:ekdif; Okdyf, wkdif;ckdef;bl,ul;oef:awj,xkdiftj,bl. tj;Omuf;ref:qmh: vh;rj:(22)yD bof.sv; ikdef:tefref:qmh: ql.pgrfoh.eef.auj;awvh;bl, idkef:awj,vj,pgif,ugif,-wj,pj;rkdef, (ikdef:awj,vj,tarIdumef, rguf;-6,450)eh.aO ref:qmh:qif,rj:q[.ymh:olef.oj; uofawtof ikdef:qldof:eh. Okdyf, q[.uGj,qldif.pkdofxSif; p[;ayj:rD:zgef:vDvldofaOeh. ehbl, ref:qmh:qif,olef.vh;oj; uofxkuf,vDvlif:wkdef:aO aw,wif;ukrf,yeD,(Nif:umef)ulnf:bof.ehaO vh;aw,wif; ukrf,y eD,(Nif:umef)uGj,bl,/ qkdof;Nif:umef ref:qmh: eef.auj;vh;O[, qkdof;yefoj; Cheung kong ehbl,/

ref:qmh:auj;vh;tofckdef:ej; umeftefref:qmh:bmrf;pAwf:rj:qldof:eef.aO pAwf:uGj,ulnf:eif,uof, rldefeif,tofbmifaOyef;pAwf:pkef,pmif;?pAwf:Ogif:?pAwf:tkrfaw,uGj,vmhvgif;qldof:eh.bof./ ugyf;yldof;ayj;ref:qmh: c[;p[;ref:rD: ymh:olef.vDsv;bmrf;Ogefoh.ref:qmh: p[;yAefulef:uh.vlvduf;ehaO ref:qmh:auj;yAefrj: ulef:rD:oj,Oej,Olifq[zmh,vlvduf;aw.eif,uof,/ ref:qmh:OlifOkdof.zwf:yyf.vduf;wmif:erfwmif:vmh tefuAof, uyf:vlnf:umefymh:rmuf;rD:? tefawyefymh:olef.vD yj:qArfzkdefvduf;uBj,ae,? rSuf.uqdef:aw,uGj,qldof:eh. wmif:erfwmif:vmhbl,/

rD:eif,oef:ekdif; ref:qmh:zwf:vduf;rSuf.uqdef:aOcmof,tefekdif; tefwSrf;oh.e[:ej;vduf; tefref:qmh:vleef.wSrf;oh.oj; e[:rldif:tD,wvD, rD:wmif:vlof,bmifpmif;rguf,wj,pmif;cldif;Ndef:ehsv; ref: qmh:Orf.yAefulef:cmhbmifyvqf.xAuf,aO ref:qmhvh;rD:ymh:olef.vDtefekdif;? ymh:olef.tefeef. auj;yAeftefref:qmh:vmwf;oj; uofawcwf:q[awj.tofpmif;rguf,teftofbmifpAwf:oh.eh.aO awj. Olif,cmhql: eguf;rldif:p[;vh;ehbl, qgrf:eif,ymh:olef.ref:qmh:rD:oh.eef.auj;vh;yAefrj:qgrf,eif,wmif:c[;ref:aw.bl, eif,uof,/ ej; umeftefeh.auj; yefzgef:vDp[;ref:qmh:vh;wlofikdef:wmif:erf aw."oj;aO pAwf:p[;ref:qmh: vh;Okdyf,rD:wkdof.wmif:Omif;ej;umef uGj,xSif;cmof:uhbl,/ Nif:umefbmifyvqfxAuf,qkdof;OAifb[,Okwf: tefawj.Olif, tguf,uGj,eguf;rldif:eef.auj; yAefoh.Nif:umefref:qmh:bof./

rD:eif,oef:ekdif;rldof;yD(1958)eef.tdifeldofiof:vmh:trf,ayj:vDaO umrf,pmh.vh;wluf:xkdifrj:sv; vh;cmrf, nj:yldef;rj:pkyf;Odrf: tofckdef:tgif;wD;Nif:umefref:qmh:bl,/ ref:qmh:qif,ckdef:q[. ymh: olef.aOpjvguf:vmh:r[,/ bl,bl,ymh:olef.vDtefekdif; ayj,cof;rj: e[:q[ref:qmh:oj; awpjOkdof.oh.wD;vdefwD;tefOmif,xkuf, aOwD;" wj,awauj,Omif;p[;rD:vmhqef.sv;vmhxmyf;oj;eif,eh eh.yAefymh:olef.xSif;tefekdif; tefayj,rj: e[:q[ref:aO Okdyf, cwf:q[bl,/

rldof;yD(1967)bmrf:eif,eef wD;ukefpgif,ugif,eef.Orf. Ogifrl,Ogifqkrf: vh;rD:vgif;trf,pefvDeldof uefuAof,vlnf;vgif; bgef.yldof;qkrf:ekdif;xguf;cmrf,urf.xSrfyefpSif:zmh,vlifygifqkdif; cgrf,rBLedwf.ac,aO xSif;qkrf: ekdif;Orf.xguf;cmrf,urf.xSrfyefpSif:zmh,ydwdOBj. tefzgif:irf:vlifygifqkdif;eef.aO vh;yAefygh:wkduf:uef urf:ekdif;bl,/ zgif:eef. wD;e[:rldif:pgif,ugif,auj; rD:vgif;trf,edrftrf,Oof:trf,uwf:bAef? rD:vgif;Okuf.bkif; ayj,yAefrj:sv;ref:qmh:auj; vh;zmwf,bmefrldif:pgif,ugif,aOcmh.tguf, rj:bl,eguf;rldif:qlof;uSyf.ekdfif;bl,/ zgif:eef. uj;cefwD;vdef e[:rldif:pgif,ugif,auj;wluf:pSif:ej, ugyf;yldof;rD:vgif;Okuf.bkif;wmif:erf sv;z[trf,ayj:c[;bl,Oof:/

bl,bl,oef:ekdif;rD:cmof,vDulofvlifayj,rj:xSif;oj; yldef;awcof;wkduf:Odrf:tofwD;vdef e[:rldif:pgif,ugif, ehbl,/ z[z[auj;yAeftefwluf:q[c[;cmh.aOc[;cmhwD;vdefsv;ymh; tguf,/ ref:qmh:Orf.vh;tofwkdof.wmif:eh.aO pjOkdof.wD;vdefoh. wmif:erfwmif:vmhbl,bof./ rldof;zgif: eif,eefulnf:eif,uof, wD;e[:rldif:ac, rSef;bmrf:(rof,qD,wlif:)vkuf.zkdef.sv; ulef:e[: rldif:ac,cofwmif:erfwmif:vmhvh;tgefuefcof;rj:bl, rj:vkdof; wD;e[:rldif: pgif,ugif,bl,bof./ urf:eef.wD;pgif,ugif,auj;yAeftefukdef:rj:ckdef:aw."aO awvh;oj;wluf:vguf:ymh:olef. ref:qmh:uGj.bof.aw.eif,uof,/ ref:qmh:qif,auj,Omif;Ndef:vmhqef.tefrD:pgif;egef: erferfaO uGj.cmhpgif; egef:p[;ac,cofvh;rj:Okdof.bl,udefOof:oj;eif,eh/ yguf;eh.auj;pAwf:p[;ref:qmh:vh;rj:erf.wgef:zgef:vD wmif:erfwmif:vmhtmef,NofOAefvmef.awj,vj,ref:ehbof./

rldof;yD(1979) bmrf:eif,eef rldof;ymefydwdOB yAefzl; tkyf.yldif,vlifygifqkdif;eef. rD:Nif:umefukrf,yeD, tefekdif; tefrD:qkdof;oj; Hutchison Whampoa eheef. vh;xlyf:vgif;vl.Okrf:vmhvgif;sv; trf,rldefq[aOykdefcmof,oj;c[;cmhNif:umefoj;eh Nif:umeftefeh.auj; vh;xkuf,ref:qmh:vh;vlif:wkdef:vmif:aO Okdof.tofuGj,bl,/ eh.auj;yAefymh:olef.ref:qmh: tefolef.oh.xSif;wgef;ekdif;/ e[:ukrf,yeD,Nif:umeftefeh.Orf. wif;umefyldif,oh.rldefqldif. eif,Ndof:Omif:azj:?wj;Ndof:sv;tduf, yj:ej;vdefvmhvguf:vmhwgef;qldof:eh.bl,/

ref:qmh:auj; vh;Okdyf,ar:ukrf:vkrf:vj:wlnf:xkdif ckdifygifOmif;pAwf:ej;umeftefeh.ckdef:aO e[:cmof:wmif:(10)yDtgef,ulnf: ref:qmh:auj;vh;erf.wgef:zgef:vDedlofej;umeftef eh.uGj,wmif:erfbl,/ e[:uj;Nif:umefwmif:OAif;e[:rldif:pgif,ugif,eef. Nif:umefref:qmh:tefoj;rj:eh. cof;yj:oh.e[:OAef;rmhNif:umeftef qkdof;OAifb[,tefekdif;sv; e[:uj;Nif:umefqldof:eef.Orf. Nif:umefref:qmh:vh;bl,oh.zmh,eldofyldef;Okwf: eh xSif;vll:ugef,/

vldofeef.ulnf:trf,uj: ref:qmh:vh;pjOkdof.oh.Nif:umef vmhvmhwD;tefrD:vgif;bmyf,zkdwf,eldofumefymh: rmuf;rD:cofqldof:eef. aOrD:q[c[;cmh/ rldof;yD(2007) rldof;Nif:umefzAwf.ykuf.(Facebook)trf, yh,ayj:qkdof;OAifb[, cmhvh;erf.wgef:uj;pkdofeef. ref:qmh:vh;vlif:wkdef:oh. qawj.sO,bj,awj,vj,vmef.ygif:(120)ehxSif;vl: ugef,/ rldof;zgif:eif,eefaw. cefikdef:sO,bj,awj,vj,auj; trf,yh,ayj:ckdef;uj;pkdofaO ref:qmh:vh; Okdyf,vlif:wkdef:vmif:Okdof.oh. rldefeif, Skype sv; Apple qawj.aw,uGj,qldof:eh.wmif:erf wmif:vmhxSif;bl,/ omh:aOcefikdef:sO,bj,awj,vj,ckdef;bof. eef. ref:qmh:auj;vh;Okdyf,cmhaOvh;erf.wgef:rj:xSif;wmif:erf wmif:vmhbl,/

bgef.yldof;ymh:olef.vD"tefref:qmh:rD:oh.eef.aO bmif;ekdif;bof.bmif;ekdif;Okdyf,wkdif;bl,ckdef:"oef:" sv; ref:qmh:trf,wgef.bgef,acBj./ vkuf.tofwD;zozmefzmeftgef,ref:qmh:eef.aO vh;cwf:q[ ckdifOmif;ej;umefrj:pmef.awj,ayj:rD:ikdef: tmef,NofyD,vD,brf, Billion ref:bl,/

ref:qmh:rD:oh.ikdef:awj,vj, (30 Billion )aO cof;yAefzl;rmuf;rD:vldofyldef; wD;e[:ukefat:OBj: bl,bof./

omh:aOref:qmh:vh;xlyf:vgif;tgif,rmef rmuf;rD:vDyAefuwf: bAefwArfxlef;ej;Ndef:rlef;q[rj:bof.eef. ref:qmh:qif,ckdef: olef.Ogef,pefckdef:oj; bgef.yldof;qof;uof,Olifzwf:apj:yyf.vduf; vmhvmhyyf.sv;qif,vh; rD:ymh:olef.vDrj:bof./ bgef.yldof;ymh:olef.vDqldof:eef.Oldof,yefOAef;wmif:rj:sv;qof;uof,qif,vh; rmuf;rD:vD yAefuwf:bAefwArfxlef;rj:bof. olef.pefckdef:eif,ehaO ref:qmh:qif,vh;vlif:ikdef:tmefNofymuf,vmef. ref:aO aw,wif; Nif:wlnf:vduf; wj,p[;yldef;vh;rj:vlpjtofwmif:N. qAof:pefvh; vmh:tgif,rmefaw,uGj,qldof:eh. wmif:OAif;bl,/

Nif:wlnf:tefref: qmh:aw,wif;oh.eef.auj; yAefNif:wlnf:vduf;qkdof;OAifb[,tefrD: qkdof;oj; SINGAPORE MANAGEMENT UNIVERSITY= Li Ka Shing Library eheef.bl,/ vldofeef.ulnf:yh,uj: ref:qmh:bif:auj,wif;yefyj:xSif;qef.qgrfzmh,ymh:bj;bjulef:yAef Faculty of Medicine aw,uGj,qldof:eh. xSif;vl:ugef,/ vldofaOeef.auj;ref:qmh:vh; pjqgh;xSrfulef:bmuf;ulef:zmef tefxlyf:vgif;cmefq[trf,wArf xlef;qldof:eef.wmif:erfwmif:vmhxSif;vl:ugef,ehbl,/